George W. Bush Institute

Malign Alignment: How China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea (CRINK) threaten the U.S. and our allies

China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea, known together as CRINK, threaten democratic institutions, global security, mineral supply chains, and human rights by challenging the credibility of U.S. leadership.

Policy Recommendations

National Security and Economics

Human Rights and Democracy

Frontline Perspectives